What does circling refer to in aviation?

Circling in aviation refers to the procedure where an aircraft flies in a specific pattern, typically in a holding pattern, until it is cleared to land. This maneuver often occurs when an aircraft is waiting for air traffic control clearance or when it needs to descend and approach the runway in a safe manner due to traffic congestion or other factors. During circling, pilots maintain a designated altitude and manage their flight path tightly, ensuring safety while waiting for the appropriate time to initiate a landing approach. The focus is on maintaining control and following the prescribed flight path while awaiting further instructions from air traffic control.